Onion Growing Districts of Pakistan by Maps

     The onion (Allium cepa) also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is used as a vegetable and is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. This genus also contains several other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food.

      The agro ecological diversity obtained in the country enables production of onions almost around the year. However, production volumes greatly differ from crop to crops follows:

·        June-July                             Punjab & KPK Plains (13%)

·        August-September               KPK Uplands (16%)

·        August-October                    Balochistan (26%)

·        November-May                     Sindh (45%)

Onion growing Districts of Pakistan

The major onion growing districts are

Punjab

Ø  Kasur

Ø  Gujranwala

Ø  Sheikhupura

Ø  Vehari

Ø  Khaneawal

Ø  D.G. Khan

Ø  Jhang

Sindh

Ø  Hyderabad

Ø  Mirpurkhas

Ø  Sanghar

Ø  Sukkar

Ø  N. Feroze

Ø  Badin

KPK

Ø  Swat

Balochistan

Ø  Mastung

Ø  Kalat

Ø  Chagai

Ø  Khuzdar

Ø  Turbat

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Pakistan's Agriculture Importance (Overview)

Pakistan is basically an agricultural country and currently agriculture contributes about 25 percent of the GDP and together with agro-based products fetches 75 percent of the national merchandise export earnings of over Rs.90 billion. Over 50 percent of the labor is absorbed by the agriculture sector. By contrast, industry contributes 18 percent of the national income and 15 percent of the total employment. Agriculture sector comprises crops, livestock’s, forestry and fisheries sub-sectors. Of these, crop sector accounts for 69 percent of agriculture’s GDP, while livestock accounts for 30 percent. Forestry and fisheries make up less than 2 percent of the total. Agriculture is, therefore, the leading sector and backbone of our economy. Unfortunately due to corruption and mismanagement of political, bureaucratic, economic and social system at the national level, the agriculture production system is also collapsing. 

  

Agriculture in Pakistan

Pakistan lies between 23 and 37 degrees north latitudes and 61 and 76 degree east longitudes. The country enjoys considerable measures of climatic variation. Agriculture is the main stay of our economy. Its contribution in GDP was 53.2 percent in 1949-50. With accelerated developments in other sectors of economy as manufacturing, trade, communication and others, the share of agriculture sector decreased over years was 24.9 percent in 2008. Agriculture sector is also the largest sector for manpower employment. The annual growth rate in agricultural sector over last five decades has remained at 3.4 percent per annum.

The total cultivated area is more than 21 million hectares about 80 percent of this area is more than 21 million hectares about 80 percent of this area is irrigated and rest is depended on rains. The total number of agricultural farms is 4.07million. The farms with area less than 5 ha are termed as small farms or subsistence farms. The data show that as small farms or subsistence farms. The data show that the number of owner cultivator in Pakistan is 55 percent and they cultivate 52 percent of the land area. The rest of the 45 percent farms and 48 percent of the area is cultivates by owner-cum-tenant or landless tenants. With further fragmentation of land, the number of landless farmers are rapidly increasing. With diversification of rural pursuits in Pakistan, a stage has reached wherein it is getting difficult to find tenants to cultivate the land, a situation on the other extreme a couple of decades earlier. The average land use intensity in Pakistan is 89 percent and average cropping intensity is 122 per cent.

              There are two growing reason in Pakistan, i.e Kharif (Summer) and Rabi(Winter). The food grains as wheat, rive, jowar, bajra, maize occupy 54 percent of the total cropped area. The cash crops (cotton, sugarcane, rice and tobacco) and pulses occupy 18 percent and 7 percent of the cropping area respectively.

            A major challenge would be to reverse the degradation of natural resources cause by defoliation, overgrazing and mimeses damaging effects of agro-chemical on the environment. In the livestock sub-sector, programs for livestock research, extension, diseases control and productivity improvement will be implemented. In research, the use of biotechnology in improving crop and livestock productivity will be promoted.

Order Isoptera

Introduction

               Isoptera are small, soft-bodied, yellowish, whitish, tan or black insects that live in colonies in wood. Colonies consist of three castes: workers, soldiers and swarmers . Workers and soldiers are wingless and never leave the colony. Swarmers , or the reproductive forms, have dark bodies and four long, veined wings. The front and hind wings of termites are nearly identical in size and venation. Termites also have beadlike antennae and thick waists which distinguish them from ants.

            The name Isoptera, derived from the Greek "iso" meaning equal and "ptera" meaning wings, refers to the similar size, shape, and venation of the four wings. Isoptera also called Isoptera or Termites.

          Termites are usually the most dominant organisms in tropical forest environments.  Their populations typically range from 2000 to 4000 individuals per square meter but may occasionally run as high as 10,000 individuals per square meter.

Industrial Crops of Pakistan

Those Crops which are use in industries or which increase run of the activities.

S.NO	ENGLISH NAME	SCIENTIFIC NAME	LOCAL NAME	FAMILY
1.	Rubber	(Hevea brasiliensis)	Raber	Euphorbiaceae
2.	Guar	(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)	Guwar,Guvar bean	Fabaceae

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Biofuel Crops of Pakistan

 The crops which are grown for to prepare artificial fuel. The research going on in this field for future to use biofuel instead of natural fuel. Nowadays in some countries use biofuel specially Brazil which using biofuel 40%.

S.NO	ENGLISH NAME	SCIENTIFIC NAME	LOCAL NAME	FAMILY
1.	Sugarcane	(Saccharum officinarum)	Ganna, Ghanie, kamad, Naishkar,	Gramineae
2.	Maize	(Zea mays)	Makiae, Muk, Wazshe, Corn	Gramineae
3.	Sugar beet	(Beta Vulgaris)	Chaqander	Chenopodiaceae

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Medicinal Crops of Pakistan

          The Crops which have some medicinal valve and some used in the prepartion in the different types of medicines.

S.NO	ENGLISH NAME	SCIENTIFIC NAME	LOCAL NAME	FAMILY
1.	Amla	(Emblica officinalis)	Amla	Euphorbiaceac
2.	Ashok	(Saraca Asoca)		Caesalpinanceac
3.	Pippermint	(Mentha pipertia)	Anar dana	Lamiaccac
4.	Neem	(Azardirchata – indica)	Neem	Mahaceae
	Bhumi Amla	(Phyllanthous amarus)		Euphorbiaccac

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Green Manuring Crops of Pakistan

     The Crops which increase the fertility of soil called green manuring crops.

S.NO	ENGLISH NAME	SCIENTIFIC NAME	LOCAL NAME	FAMILY
1.	Dhaincha	(Sesbania aculeata)		Leguminosae
2.	Sunhemp	(Crorolaria juncea)		Malvaceae
3.	Ipil ipil	(Leucaena leucocephala)		Mimosaceae
4.	Sorghum	(Sorghum bicolor)	Jawar, Chari	Graminae
5.	Maize	(Zea mays)	Makiae, Muk, Wazshe, Corn	Poaceae

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Condiment Crops

          Crops which are grown and consumed as condiments.

S.NO	ENGLISH NAME	SCIENTIFIC NAME	LOCAL NAME	FAMILY
1.	Coriander	(Coriandrum sativum)	Danya	Apiaceae
2.	Chilli	(Capsicum annuum)	Mirchi, Mrach	Solanaceae.
3.	Mint	(Mentha spicata)	Podina	Lamiaceae

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Beverage Crops of Pakistan

These are also brain refreshing crops but these crops are used with water.

S.NO	ENGLISH NAME	SCIENTIFIC NAME	LOCAL NAME	FAMILY
1.	Tea	(Camelia sinensis)	Chie	Theaceae
2.	Cocoa	(Theobroma cacao)	Coco	Sterculiaceae
3.	Coffee	(Coffea spp.)	Qahwa	Rubiaceae

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